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(113) Ten major trade-offs in policy design

By Onno Hansen-Staszyński 22 April 2026

A preliminary list of ten choices

  • Risk-oriented versus rights-oriented
  • Content-oriented versus procedural and technical compliance-oriented
  • Centralization-oriented versus decentralization-oriented
  • Institution-oriented versus citizen-oriented
  • Privacy-oriented versus service-oriented
  • Autonomy-oriented versus identity-oriented
  • Sender-oriented versus intermediator-oriented versus recipient-oriented
  • Performance-oriented versus equity-oriented
  • Accountability-oriented versus efficiency-oriented
  • Preventive-oriented versus reactive-oriented